Krisis ekonomi, moneter, dan politik di Indonesia sejak Oktober 1997 semakin memberikan dampak negatif bagi pengembangan usaha dan ketenagakerjaan yang selama ini sudah menunjukkan tanda-tanda ‘kerapuhan’ karena karena ketidakmampuan untuk mengelola usaha secara efisien dan profesional serta tidak berbasis pada sumber daya lokal. Kondisi belakangan ini menunjukkan perusahaan menengah - atas yang banyak tergantung pada bahan baku import semakin banyak yang terancam tutup. Dalam kondisi usaha yang sangat memprihatinkan tersebut, industri mikro, kecil dan menengah masih bisa bertahan hidup dalam kondisi minimal. Daya tahan industri kecil dan menengah nampaknya lebih kuat dalam menahan hempasan krisis ekonomi dan moneter, selain lebih banyak memakai bahan baku lokal, diduga juga karena berbasis pada pekerja keluarga. Tenaga kerja rumahan merupakan tenaga murah yang sering dieksploitasi untuk menekan biaya produksi sehingga mampu menghadapi persaingan pasar untuk bisa bertahan hidup meskipun dalam kondisi ekonomi yang semakin memprihatinkan.
Sistem usaha seperti itu, yang mempekerjakan tenaga kerja tanpa menyediakan gedung dan fasilitas kerja lainnya bagi tenaga kerja, berkembang sejak tahun 1990-an. Sistem ini telah mendorong pengusaha untuk memberi peluang kepada tenaga kerja untuk bekerja di rumahnya. Hal ini telah menciptakan adanya status pekerja rumahan (home workers) yang secara formal tidak tercatat dalam data statistik dan tidak terakomodasi dalam UU ketenagakerjaan. Sebagian besar pekerja rumahan adalah perempuan, baik ibu rumah tangga, dewasa belum menikah, maupun anak-anak. Bagaimana kondisi dari usaha kecil menengah yang mempekerjaan tenaga kerja rumahan, bagaimana kondisi tenaga kerja rumahan tersebut dalam kaitannya dengan keluarga mereka, serta interaksi mereka dengan industri kecil menengah belum banyak diungkap. Sebagian besar tenaga kerja rumahan tidak terikat dalam ikatan kerja yang formal, tidak diakui sumbangannya, tidak mengetahui haknya, menyediakan sendiri fasilitas kerja, mengelola usahanya dengan teknologi/peralatan sangat sederhana, menanggung sendiri resiko kerja, dan jam kerja yang panjang atau tidak menentu adalah sebagian dari potret tenaga kerja rumahan tersebut. Dalam kondisi ekonomi yang semakin buruk tidak ada pilihan bagi mereka kecuali terus bekerja agar keluarga bisa bertahan hidup walaupun dengan mengeksploitasi diri dan sumber daya keluarga. Kondisi marginal ini akan terus berlangsung dalam kondisi ekonomi dan yang semakin memburuk.
Bagi masyarakat miskin, industri kecil dan menengah merupakan sumber peluang kerja yang sangat berarti di tengah kelangkaan lahan dan peluang kerja di sektor lainnya. Untuk itu upaya transformasi kinerja industri kecil dan menengah berbasis pekerja rumahan dan keluarganya dalam perspektif gender dalam krisis keuangan dan moneter menjadi kebutuhan yang mendesak. Kinerja industri kecil dan menengah yang berbasis bahan lokal, faktor kompetitif produk dan wilayah, keterkaitan usaha untuk meningkat kinerja dan nilai tambah, manajemen usaha, kepedulian pada lingkungan, serta pemberdayaan tenaga kerja rumahan merupakan faktor-faktor yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan daya saing, nilai tambah, dan kontinuitas produksi sekaligus ketahanan sosial-ekonomi keluarga pekerja rumahan. Penelitian ini didesain untuk dapat mengungkapkan dinamika usaha industri kecil dan menengah berbasis pekerja rumahan dan keluarganya dalam perspektif gender dalam upaya melakukan transformasi kinerja industri kecil dan menengah yang diuraikan di atas.
Ketua Tim Riset Aksi: Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si.
Sabtu, 13 Desember 2008
Pendampingan Penyusunan Program Pemulihan Ekonomi bagi Pengrajin Rumahan di Industri Batik & Konveksi Pasca Gempa Bumi di Kabupaten Klaten
Sektor industri mikro-kecil berkembang dengan cepat dan menjadi andalan Kabapaten. Klaten. Disperindag (awal 2006) mencatat sebanyak 35.767 unit usaha dan menyerap tenaga kerja sebanyak 165.906 orang yang terdiri dari 33 jenis industri sebagai andalan kabupaten Klaten. Dari seluruh unit usaha itu, 35.506 unit usaha (96,6%) berupa industri mikro-kecil berbasis pada rumah tangga yang mampu menyerap 142.020 orang tenaga kerja. Industri mikro-kecil ini sebagian besar merupakan industri mikro-kecil kerajinan yang berbasis pada sistem “putting-out” atau sebagian besar proses produksinya berada di rumah-rumah pekerja (Pekerja Rumahan). Jenis industri mikro-kecil ini tersebar di beberapa desa dan memproduksi sekitar 20 jenis kerajinan, meliputi 4.874 unit usaha, menyerap tenaga kerja sebanyak 19.149 orang, dengan nilai investasi 141 Milyard. Kerajinan tersebut antara lain: akar kayu, kayu jati/mahoni, bambu, gitar, keramik, tanduk, kayu glugu, sulak, batu alam, besi/kaleng, mainan anak, topeng kayu, batik, bordir, kulit, rambut, tenun, tali-temali, sablon, alat olah raga. Salah satu produk khas Kabupaten Klaten yang dikenal luas dan telah menjadi mata pencaharian sebagian besar penduduk adalah batik baik pada media kain, kayu, maupun kulit dan konveksi.
Peristiwa gempa secara keseluruhan menimbulkan situasi problematik antara lain menurunnya kinerja industri mikro-kecil dan Pekerja Rumahan batik dan konveksi. Situasi problematik ini tidak terlepas dari persoalan:
a) Gempa yang terjadi tidak hanya merusak rumah tinggal yang sekaligus menjadi tempat kerja dan tempat peralatan kerja, tetapi juga mengganggu sistem produksi yang selama ini sudah terbangun. Rusaknya sistem produksi (”putting-out”) berarti mengganggu produksi secara keseluruhan.
b) Terbatasnya kemampuan industri mikro-kecil batik dan konveksi, serta pekerja rumahan untuk merespon (meraih kembali) pasar yang sebelumnya maupun mencari peluang pasar baru dan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan sistem (”putting-out”) yang terjadi akibat gempa.
c) Lemahnya kelembagaan pada aras komunitas batik dan konveksi. Keterbatasan ini terkait dengan:
1) Fasilitas kerja dan tempat kerja yang tidak memadai yang sebagian besar berada pada basis pekerja rumahan yang kemampuan finansialnya sangat terbatas.
2) Keterbatasan SDM:
* pola pikir, pemahaman, dan wawasan untuk merespon perubahan dengan kreatif;
* daya tawar SDM yang lemah dalam aspek produksi dan pemasaran karena keterbatasan ketrampilan. Mereka dikondisikan untuk mengerjakan satu jenis pekerjaan (spesifik) secara terus-menerus dan tidak terpikir atau terbuka peluang untuk meningkatkan/mempunyai ketrampilan lainnya untuk meningkatkan nilai ’tambah’ produk atau diversifikasi produk;
* keterbatasan akses terhadap inovasi & teknologi pengembangan produksi maupun pemasaran;
* kemampuan finansial (modal) untuk merespon perubahan secara cepat; dan
* pengelolaan usaha/pekerjaan belum berorientasi pada kebutuhan pasar yang terus berubah).
(3) Produk yang dihasilkan masih memiliki keterbatasan kualitas produk, nilai dan nilai tambah produk,lemahnya pengembangan produk karena keterbatasan penguasaan teknologi & fasilitas kerja, daya saing produk (harga jual tinggi, jangkauan pasar, dan ketersediaan), produktifitas, konsistensi & bekerlanjutan produk yang masih rendah).
(4) Keterbatasan kelembagaan, persoalan dan kebutuhan pada aras persoanal (pengusaha dan pekerja) belum diangkat menjadi persoalan dan kebutuhan bersama secara kelembagaan untuk membangun daya tawar.
Untuk memecahkan persoalan ini dibutuhkan program pemulihan ekonomi sub-sektor ini yang menekankan pemulihan dan peningkatan capacity building dari komunitas perbatikan dan konveksi (penataan aspek pasar, SDM, produk, dan kelembagaannya). Oleh karena itu ruang lingkup program meliputi 2 komponen yang saling terintegrasi, antara lain:
a) program aksi yang menekankan peningkatan akses pasar dan pemasaran untuk perluasan pasar dan penciptaan peluang kerja.
b) Peningkatan capacity building komunitas batik dan konveksi melalui kegiatan: pelatihan dan praktek, advokasi dan pendampingan, dan kelembagaan berupa pengorganisasian sasaran program dalam satu kesatuan produksi dalam bentuk Kelompok Kerja Bersama.
Tim Riset Aksi:
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si. (Ketua)
Drs. Tri Kadarsilo (Anggota)
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S. (Anggota)
Peristiwa gempa secara keseluruhan menimbulkan situasi problematik antara lain menurunnya kinerja industri mikro-kecil dan Pekerja Rumahan batik dan konveksi. Situasi problematik ini tidak terlepas dari persoalan:
a) Gempa yang terjadi tidak hanya merusak rumah tinggal yang sekaligus menjadi tempat kerja dan tempat peralatan kerja, tetapi juga mengganggu sistem produksi yang selama ini sudah terbangun. Rusaknya sistem produksi (”putting-out”) berarti mengganggu produksi secara keseluruhan.
b) Terbatasnya kemampuan industri mikro-kecil batik dan konveksi, serta pekerja rumahan untuk merespon (meraih kembali) pasar yang sebelumnya maupun mencari peluang pasar baru dan beradaptasi terhadap perubahan sistem (”putting-out”) yang terjadi akibat gempa.
c) Lemahnya kelembagaan pada aras komunitas batik dan konveksi. Keterbatasan ini terkait dengan:
1) Fasilitas kerja dan tempat kerja yang tidak memadai yang sebagian besar berada pada basis pekerja rumahan yang kemampuan finansialnya sangat terbatas.
2) Keterbatasan SDM:
* pola pikir, pemahaman, dan wawasan untuk merespon perubahan dengan kreatif;
* daya tawar SDM yang lemah dalam aspek produksi dan pemasaran karena keterbatasan ketrampilan. Mereka dikondisikan untuk mengerjakan satu jenis pekerjaan (spesifik) secara terus-menerus dan tidak terpikir atau terbuka peluang untuk meningkatkan/mempunyai ketrampilan lainnya untuk meningkatkan nilai ’tambah’ produk atau diversifikasi produk;
* keterbatasan akses terhadap inovasi & teknologi pengembangan produksi maupun pemasaran;
* kemampuan finansial (modal) untuk merespon perubahan secara cepat; dan
* pengelolaan usaha/pekerjaan belum berorientasi pada kebutuhan pasar yang terus berubah).
(3) Produk yang dihasilkan masih memiliki keterbatasan kualitas produk, nilai dan nilai tambah produk,lemahnya pengembangan produk karena keterbatasan penguasaan teknologi & fasilitas kerja, daya saing produk (harga jual tinggi, jangkauan pasar, dan ketersediaan), produktifitas, konsistensi & bekerlanjutan produk yang masih rendah).
(4) Keterbatasan kelembagaan, persoalan dan kebutuhan pada aras persoanal (pengusaha dan pekerja) belum diangkat menjadi persoalan dan kebutuhan bersama secara kelembagaan untuk membangun daya tawar.
Untuk memecahkan persoalan ini dibutuhkan program pemulihan ekonomi sub-sektor ini yang menekankan pemulihan dan peningkatan capacity building dari komunitas perbatikan dan konveksi (penataan aspek pasar, SDM, produk, dan kelembagaannya). Oleh karena itu ruang lingkup program meliputi 2 komponen yang saling terintegrasi, antara lain:
a) program aksi yang menekankan peningkatan akses pasar dan pemasaran untuk perluasan pasar dan penciptaan peluang kerja.
b) Peningkatan capacity building komunitas batik dan konveksi melalui kegiatan: pelatihan dan praktek, advokasi dan pendampingan, dan kelembagaan berupa pengorganisasian sasaran program dalam satu kesatuan produksi dalam bentuk Kelompok Kerja Bersama.
Tim Riset Aksi:
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si. (Ketua)
Drs. Tri Kadarsilo (Anggota)
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S. (Anggota)
Jumat, 12 Desember 2008
SWCU's 52nd Anniversary: International Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia
To celebrate the Satya Wacana Christian University 52nd Anniversary, the Center for Gender Research and Studies - Satya Wacana Christian University (Indonesia) together with I-SEED (Austria) have hosted on December 2, 2008 an International Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. It aims at providing the scientific foundation for further action on the wider topic of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. It has to be stressed that the 2008 Salatiga Conference did not be a political conference but that its aims are solely scientific.
In this conference 6 papers have been presented. They are:
1. Responding to National Policies on Migrant Workers: Activism of Indonesian Local NGOs (Solidaritas Perempuan and Migrant CARE)
By Sylvia Yazid. PhD Candidate. School of Political and Social Inquiry, Faculty of Arts,
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
2. The Anemia Status of Local Women Migrant Who Worked as “Gendong Labour” in Legi Traditional Market at Surakarta City
By dr. Anik Lestari & dr. Diffah Hanim (Center for Gender Studies, Sebelas Maret University)
3. Women Migrant Workers’ Reaction to the Marginalization
Arianti Ina R.Hunga (Center for Gender Reseach & Studies – Satya Wacana Christian University)
4. The Social Impact of Women Migrant Workers Influencing Women Migrant Workers and Their Families in Fulfilling Family Functions (A Case Study in Salatiga)
By Purwanti Asih Anna Levi (Center for Gender Research and Studies - Satya Wacana Christian University)
5. The Concept of Success among Women Migrant Workers: A Case Study in Salatiga
By Purwanti Kusumaningtyas. (Lecturer of Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga. She is interested in gender studies, literary and cultural studies and alternative education)
6. An Emic Study of the Phenomenon of Muted Women Migrant Workers in Salatiga and its Surrounding Towns
By Mustika Kuri Prasela (Communication Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science Satya Wacana Christian Univesity & Gender Study Center Satya Wacana Christian University)
Kajian Wanita - Dikti 2008: Muted Group dalam Keluarga Pekerja Migran Perempuan (Studi Emik Kasus di Kota Salatiga & Sekitarnya)
Calon TKI/W sedang belajar Bahasa Inggris di SDN Glawan.
Calon TKI/W sedang belajar Bahasa Inggris bersama tim peneliti di rumah salah seorang peserta
The condition of migrant workers is getting worse because of the poor preparatory training. Their poor educational background, which is rooted back from their childhood, results in low bargaining position. There is a notion that they do not decide for themselves what education suits them, but social and cultural values influence and dominate them. Their rights to voice their intention to continue education are impeded by the stereotype and subordinated by their families and society.
Thus, research on social cultural domination on migrant workers in terms of education access becomes necessary. The domination pattern and exploitation fact on the migrant workers could emerge on their in-group communication pattern. Communication pattern amidst the community members in migrant workers supplier territory could be one of the precious clues to trace. In communication occur many message transfers which provide us evidence of devaluation of migrant workers’ education access.
This research is an emic study with gender perspective that also implements muted group theory. The theory is employed to scrutinize migrant workers’ education access marginalization and delegitimation. Emic study certainly is a participatory research and therefore, this study focuses on the pattern of dialog about education in the family and society.
This research is to find out how those migrant workers’ lack of space to express themselves in terms of educational matters. They got many influences from family and society which hampers their desire to continue education. Finally, those interventions emerge as a dominant argument in the education communication pattern.
Keywords: Migrant worker, muted group, low education access, communication pattern.
Research Team:
Mustika Kuri Prasela, S.Si
Anita Patricia, S.Sos.
Volunteers
Pendidikan Keluarga Berwawasan Gender (PKBG): Mengelola Usaha Produktif Rumah Tangga
Pelatihan menjahit untuk memenuhi order dari pasar luar negeri (Belanda)
Pelatihan membuat handicraft yang melibatkan anggota keluarga laki-laki & perempuan
Ketidaksetaraan dan ketidakadilan gender masih menjadi persoalan dalam masyarakat Indonesia, tidak terkecuali bagi masyarakat Kota Salatiga. Hal ini muncul dalam tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga yang cenderung meningkat dalam 3 tahun terakhir ini di Jawa Tengah, khususnya di Kota Salatiga. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) muncul dalam dimensi yang luas, tidak hanya dalam bentuk fisik
tetapi juga psikologis maupun ekonomi. Dalam konteks ekonomi, kekerasan yang muncul berupa pemutusan akses dan kontrol terhadap sumber daya ekonomi rumah tangga, larangan untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan ekonomi produktif, tidak memberi nafkah, dsb.
Pemecahan persoalan ini menjadi sangat efektif bila dimulai dari pendidikan keluarga yang berbasis gender yang diwujudkan dalam aktifitas ekonomi bersama yang melibatkan suami (laki-laki), isteri (perempuan), dan anak. Dalam aktifitas konkrit ini, dimasukkan/diintegrasikan aspek pendidikan untuk mengubah kerangka berpikir, pandangan-pandangan, dan perilaku yang bias gender selama ini. Aktifitas ini sekaligus untuk menjawab persoalan kemiskinan yang masih membelenggu masyarakat hingga saat ini. Pemecahan masalah kemiskinan perempuan merupakan hal ”mendasar” yang perlu dilakukan oleh bangsa ini karena menyangkut pemenuhan HAM. Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam aspek pendidikan untuk merespon persoalan ini adalah adanya Undang-undang No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang dinyatakan bahwa salah satu program Pendidikan Informal adalah Pendidikan Keluarga Berwawasan Gender (PKBG). Program ini merupakan respon pemerintah terhadap program pengarusutamaan genger (PUG) yang diarahkan dalam pendidikan informal. Program ini tidak hanya diarahkan pada kemampuan kognitif, tetapi menekankan perubahan perilaku dan kemampuan teknis (ketrampilan) yang dapat menjadi ”alat” untuk dapat mengambil peran aktif dalam keluarga dan masyarakat dan memperoleh penghargaan dan perlakuan yang ”setara” di antara aktor-aktor di dalamnya (laki-laki dan perempuan).
Program peningkatan kualitas SDM berwawasan gender bukan hanya tanggung jawab pemerintah tetapi semua masyarakat. Berangkat dari pemahaman ini, maka Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender – UKSW bekerjasama dengan Parahita Foundation Salatiga dan Sawini Trade-Netherlands merasakan ”terpanggil” untuk ikut memberikan kontribusi dalam program pemerintah khususnya melalui Dinas Pendidikan Kota Salatiga untuk mengakses dan merealisasikan program-program di bawah Direktorat Pembinaan Kursus dan Kelembagaan – Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Non Formal dan Informal – Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Sebagai wujud komitmen ini, dirintislah program Pendidikan Keluarga Berwawasan Gender (PKBG) yang menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari program pendidikan perempuan, yang diarahkan untuk meningkatkan akses dan kualitas SDM perempuan agar mampu mengambil peran aktif dalam masyarakat.
Tim Riset Aksi:
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si. (Ketua)
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S. (Anggota)
Hannah van Grimbergen (Anggota)
Lotte Driedonks (Anggota)
Eunice Frijde (Anggota)
Kristiani Rahayu, M.Pd. (Anggota)
Dra. Prastiwi (Anggota)
Pendidikan Perempuan: Membangun Kapasitas Ekonomi Produktif
Pelatihan membuat handicraft bertema Natal dari bahan ban bekas dan kertas daur ulang
Kualitas sumber daya manusia perempuan menentukan kemajuan suatu masyarakat dan generasi mendatang. Pentingnya aspek ini bukan hanya karena perempuan mempunyai fungsi kodrati untuk hamil, melahirkan, dan memelihara anak. Dalam konteks ini pendidikan perempuan akan menentukan kualitas anak yang menjadi generasi mendatang. Lebih dari itu, sebagai manusia perempuan mempunyai hak dasar untuk memperoleh kesempatan seluas-luasnya dalam berkontribusi dalam keluarga dan masyarakat. Hal ini justru menjadi masalah pelik dari bangsa Indonesia khususnya di Kota Salatiga di tengah realitas di mana kesempatan ini masih terbatas bagi sebagian besar perempuan. Pemecahan kemiskinan merupakan hal ”mendasar” yang perlu dilakukan oleh bangsa ini karena menyangkut pemenuhan HAM.
Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam aspek pendidikan untuk merespon persoalan ini adalah adanya Undang-Undang No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang dinyatakan bahwa salah satu program Pendidikan Non Formal adalah Pendidikan Kecakapan Hidup (PKH atau life skill). Program ini diarahkan bagi masyakat yang tidak memunyai akses atau kesempatan di pendidikan formal dan berasal dari keluarga miskin. Ketrampilan yang dimiliki diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas pribadi peserta didik agar mampu mengambil peran aktif dalam kegiatan produktif dan khususnya menjadi ”bekal” mencari nafkah atau meningkatkan kualitas hasil pekerjajaan untuk mendukung ekonomi keluarga.
Program peningkatan kualitas SDM bukan hanya tanggung jawab pemerintah tetapi semua masyarakat. Berangkat dari pemahaman ini, maka Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender – Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana bersama-sama dengan Parahita Foundation merasa ”terpanggil” untuk ikut memberikan kontribusi dalam program pemerintah melalui program Pendidikan Perempuan yang diarahkan untuk pemberdayaan perempuan sehingga perempuan mampu memberikan kualitas kontribusi dalam keluarga dan masyarakat dan memperoleh penghargaan yang setara dalam keluarga dan masyarakat.
Kerjasama Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender – Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana dan Parahita Fondation dalam merealisasikan program ini dalam upaya mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang dimiliki dan mendukung kesinambungan program ini.
Tim Riset Aksi:
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si. (Ketua)
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S. (Anggota)
Hannah van Grimbergen (Anggota)
Lotte Driedonks (Anggota)
Eunice Frijde (Anggota)
Dra. Prastiwi (Anggota)
Kajian Wanita - Dikti 2008: Perubahan Peran Gender & Marginalisasi Perempuan dalam Keluarga Pekerja Migran -Studi Kasus di Kota Salatiga & Sekitarnya
Persoalan Perempuan Pekerja Migran (TKW) merupakan gambaran konkrit kemiskinan perempuan. Kompleksitas persoalan ini melibatkan berbagai pihak dan menjadi persoalan sistem dan struktural dengan faktor penyebab dan kendala yang tidak tunggal. Oleh keluarganya TKW djadikan obyek/komoditas untuk melepaskan diri dari lingkaran kemiskinan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran:
1) perubahan peran gender Perempuan Pekerja Migran dalam dalam rumah tangga dan masyarakatnya;
2) bentuk-bentuk marginalisasi Perempuan Pekerja Migran dalam rumah tangga dan masyarakatnya;
3) faktor mendasar apa yang mendasari proses marginalisasi Perempuan Pekerja Migran dalam rumah tangga dan masyarakatnya.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dari perspektif gender. Subyek penelitian adalah TKW dan mantan TKW di salah satu desa (Desa Waru Doyong)pensuplai TKW dari Jawa Tengah.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa:
1) Gambaran umum Desa Warung Doyong merupakan desa yang marginal, baik dalam arti kepemerintahan (sebagai wilayah “pinggiran”) maupun kemasyarakatan. Gambarannya adalah: keterbatasan lahan pertanian dan peluang kerja, SDM yang terbatas (pendidikan, wawasan, & ketrampilan), dan persoalan sosial-ekonomi yang kompleks (pengangguran, putus sekolah, hubungan seks terlarang, kekurangan gizi pada anak balita, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dll).
2) Perubahan peran gender yang terjadi lebih mereproduksi peran gender tradisional yang terjadi. Ketidakhadiran TKW di rumahnya tidak menyebabkan suami mengambil alih peran tersebut tetapi menggeser/mengalihkan peran tersebut pada perempuan lain, seperti orang tua, mertua, saudara (kakak/adik). Perempuan Pekerja Migran hanya mengalami mobilitas horizontal dalam arti tidak ada perubahan peran yang bermakna, yaitu hanya pergeseran dari peran domestik ke domestik. Perbedaannya hanyalah pada wilayah di mana pekerjaan itu berlangsung. Kontribusi Perempuan Pekerja Migran ternyata tidak meningkatkan posisi tawarnya dalam keluarga dan masyarakat. Mereka tetap tersubordinasi dalam “kekuasaan” para suami dan laki-laki dalam masyarakat.
3) TKW mengalami proses marginalisasi secara struktural dan sistematis yang nampak pada level rumah tangga, sistem Pekerja Migran, dan masyarakat. Marginalisasi terjadi dalam basis nilai (ucapan/bahasa/wacana, stereotype, dan maknanya) dan basis material (jenis pekerjaaan, perlakuan, dan penghargaan). Bentuknya, antara lain:
a) Negara melalui organisasi perempuan yang sudah terbentuk sejak zaman Orde Baru yaitu PKK. ‘Ideologi’ gender (ibunisme) diterjemahkan (diindoktrinasikan) dalam Mars PKK , peraturan dalam organisasi, 10 program pokok PKK, dan Panca Darma Wanita.
b) Dalam sistem yang terkait dengan profesi Pekerja Migran, profesi Pekerja Migran diwacanakan dan dimaknai sebagai “mbabu”, kelas sosial "bawah”, dan sekaligus menjadi “katup pengaman” dan “jalan” memperbaiki ekonomi. Proses marginalisasi nampak dalam:
1) Penyingkiran Perempuan dalam rantai perekonomian dalam masyarakat dan sekaligus memasukkan mereka dalam belenggu siklus per’TKW-an” yang tidak mereka ketahui secara utuh, menggunakan kapasitas diri seadanya (pendidikan rendah), dan mempertaruhkan diri akan potensi kekerasan yang ada di dalamnya;
2) Pengucilan perempuan dalam rantai ekonomi pedesaan di mana perempuan hanya memperoleh sedikit sekali peluang ekonomi di desa yang memang semakin hari semakin sedikit;
3) Feminisasi Pasar Pekerja Migran. Perempuan mengalami obyektifikasi keperempuanan mereka dalam siklus pekerjaan yang identik dengan Buruh dan PRT;
4) Pemiskinan TKW atau dirinya adalah wujud akhir dari semua yang dilakukan yang sedianya untuk keluarga. Apa yang diperoleh tidak memberikan dampak pada mobilitas vertikal dalam rumah tangga dan masyarakat.
c) dalam rumah tangga TKW merupakan pihak yang disalahkan/“ditumbalkan” jika terjadi kegagalan pendidikan anak dan kehancuran keluarga akibat perceraian, perselingkukan, kehamilan tidak diinginkan, pernikahan usia dini, dll.
d) “Solidaritas” dan “distribusi” beban ganda (kemiskinan) pada sekelompok perempuan dalam ikatan persaudaraan untuk memikul tanggung jawab rumah tangga karena ketidakhadiran isteri yang berprofesi sebagai TKW. Faktor mendasar marjinalisasi Perempuan Pekerja Migran dalam keluarga adalah “ideologi” gender. Nilai-nilai berdasarkan gender disosialisasikan sejak kecil, membangun “kesadarn subyektifitas”, selanjutnya menjadi acuan dalam identifikasi dan menentukan pilihan pekerjaan, serta membentuk sikap untuk menerima fakta marginalisasi yang diperoleh. Mengacu pada penelitian kajian wanita ini, pendidikan kritis bagi perempuan merupakan kebutuhan untuk membangun kapasitas diri perempuan dalam membangun daya tawar. Untuk itu dibutuhkan penelitian dan aksi lanjut yang bisa memberikan kontribusi baik secara konseptual dan praktis. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk menjawab persoalan dan kebutuhan subyek penelitian. Ada tiga komponen yang akan menjadi perhatian, yaitu:
1) SDM yang ditekankan pada bagaimana melakukan pendidikan kritis untuk membangun sikap kritis.
2) pengembangan inovasi yang diarahkan untuk transfer ketrampilan (life skill) yang mengarah pada membangun jiwa wirausaha; dan
3) membangun kelembagaan (pengorgansasian) pada aras perempuan calon, pekerja migran maupun mantan pekerja migran sebagai basis membangun capacity building menghadapi sistem per‘TKW-an” yang semakin kompleks. Out-put dari penelitian ini pada aras konseptual adalah model penelitian daya tawar dan pada aras praktis adalah peningkatan daya tawar pekerja migran. Penelitian akan menggunakan metode partisipatory action research (PAR) yang diarahkan untuk rekayasa sosial dari pendekatan intersiplin.
Tim Peneliti:
Purwanti Kusumaningtyas, M.Hum. (Ketua)
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S. (Anggota)
Volunteers
Senin, 15 September 2008
3rd Salatiga International Seminar 2008: CALL FOR RESEARCH / CALL FOR PAPERS: GLOBAL IMPACT OF WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA
The Center for Gender Research - Satya Wacana Christian University (Indonesia) together with I-SEED (Austria) will host from December 2-5, 2008 an International Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. It aims at providing the scientific foundation for further action on the wider topic of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. It has to be stressed that the 2008 Salatiga Conference will not be a political conference but that its aims are solely scientific.
Motivation
From December 8 – 9, 2006 the International Seminar on Gender was held in Salatiga. This is first edition of the Seminar the focus was put on Gender Mainstreaming in Education. The second edition was held also in Salatiga on December 4 – 6, 2007. Then the Seminar focused on Gender Mainstreaming in Education as a means to Poverty Reduction.
The format of the conference implied that papers on the matter were presented and subjected to peer review where after a winning presentation was awarded.
The specific topic raised in the winning presentation of the 2007 conference was then judged to be of the out most importance but the participants in the seminar also concluded that further and wider research is needed. Indeed, the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers is not particular to West Java or central Java but affects large parts of South East Asia as “exporting” countries, and large parts of the rest of Asia Europe, Australia and even the United States as “importing” countries. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers concerns not only poorly educated women from rural areas but affects also highly skilled and trained female academics, leaving South East Asia.
Some data are available and others have already done valuable research on aspects of the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. However, no study or handbook that covers the global issue in a multidisciplinary and purely scientific way is available yet. The 2008 Salatiga Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia, wants to remedy this lack of a global overview and thus to provide the scientific foundations for further action. This enterprise is so vast that those who have already contributed to the past two International Seminars on Gender held in Salatiga, cannot do it without help and input from others.
The steering committee kindly invites all interested scientist or institutions to contribute in the research and to participate at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
Who can participate?
Everybody who is able to do accurate scientific research is invited to study on the aspects he or she chooses within the topic of the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
The background of the participant is less important: academics, experts, civil servants, NGO’s, etc., all are invited to do the research for the 2008 Salatiga International Conference as long as the work they produce is scientific. In the understanding of the steering committee scientific research is the unbiased gathering of verifiable data and its proper analysis, preferably in a multidisciplinary context.
Once more it has to be stressed that, though also politicians are welcome, no political goals are declared. It might well be that the findings of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference stirs up the need for political action, but a priori its aim is to be purely scientific. Although everybody is entitled to his opinion and beliefs, scientific papers without bias or implied positions are expected.
What is wanted?
Anecdotal evidence and small scale studies on several aspects of the topic exist already. The aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference is not to repeat those or to be just one more in a growing row of fragmented studies.
The expressed aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference is to bundle in large scale, multidisciplinary, global studies, the scientific foundations for policy making on the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
As it is the stressed aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference to give a global, scientific, multidisciplinary overview, of the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. The topic has to be examined in interdisciplinary approaches and it is hoped for a large participation from each concerned country.
Therefore teamwork should be considered. In this respect the steering committee wants to play a facilitating role where researchers from different countries form teams for joint studies and presentations.
The steering committee thinks about the following aspects that could be
studied:
• The migrational flow: from which country to (mainly) which country? Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• The emigrational flow: quantitative analysis of women leaving SEA for good and their level of education?
• The financial flow: which amounts of money is sent by the female migrant workers to their home country? Via which means? At what cost? Tax? Exchange Rates? Which is the impact on the local economy of the home country? Direct or indirect impact on national economy?
• The cultural flow: is there a transposition of cultural attitudes or values from one country to another via the Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia? Has the phenomenon of women migrant workers been a source for the creation of art (poetry, paintings, sculptures, movies etc.)?
• Educational impact? Do female migrant workers get schooling which they would not have had otherwise? Does this increase the global level of education?
• Social economic impact
• Technology impact
• Family relationship impact
• Survival strategy impact
• Trafficking, Criminality, violence
• Religious impact,
• Bureaucratic requirements and procedures
• Health risks: what dispositions are taken? Difference between legal framework and practice? Position of the women migrant worker from South East Asia when she gets ill or has an accident?
• Legal framework in sending countries / receiving countries?
• Etc.
Modus operandi
(i.) Pre-selection
Candidates who want to present a paper at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference should send an abstract no longer than 500 words to the steering committee. The abstract should clearly describe the topic that will be investigated, the motivation for that choice and the methodology that is considered. Please print abstracts in letter quality type Times New Roman once spaced, on A4 paper. Use margins 2.5 cm on every side and 12-pitch
font.
Abstracts should be in English only!
If the abstract is the work of a team, one individual should be identified to which all communications can be send via e-mail for the whole team (local team coordinator)!
New due date: These abstracts should be sent via e-mail in MS-Word format (no later than May 18, 2008) until June 18, 2008 to the e-mail address pug_uksw@yahoo.com.
(ii.) Coordination
After receiving all the abstracts, the steering committee will inform the candidates of the identity of other candidates who are working on similar topics. It is hoped that this information will encourage the formation of international teams in which the research can be streamlined and globalised.
No later than (June 9, 2008) July 7, 2008 this information will be given to those who handed in abstracts. If international teams are formed, the steering committee should be informed of this no later (June 15, 2008) July 14, 2008.
(iii.) Acceptance of research.
No later than (June 9, 2008) July 7, 2008 the steering committee will inform which research will be accepted to be presented as a paper at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference. Those authors that will be accepted, be it on an individual basis or as a international team, are then required to give to the steering committee:
• the exact title of their paper
• the title page must show affiliations, complete mailing address, e-mail address, telephone, and facsimile numbers for all authors, specification who will present the paper and at the bottom of the page indicate the area of interest, In principle no changes in titles, authors or order of authorship can be accepted after this final submission and acceptance of the paper!
iv.) Presentation of the papers at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference.
All speakers have to deliver their presentation in a power point presentation.
After each presentation, a short round of questions and discussions can be held. Each presentation will be allowed to take between 10 to 20 minutes depending on the number of accepted papers for each session.
Depending on the number of papers that will be presented, the conference will be split into different groups.
In a final closing presentation, a summary of each presentation and the final conclusions will be given.
After the conference, the papers and the results of the conference will be bundled in a book.
What is offered?
The 2008 Salatiga International Conference offers those researchers that will be accepted for the presentation of their paper the opportunity to collaborate in an international environment. The accepted papers will be published in book form.
International networking and bases for future action are envisaged.
Further information
For further information please be attached to: www.uksw.edu/ppsg
Motivation
From December 8 – 9, 2006 the International Seminar on Gender was held in Salatiga. This is first edition of the Seminar the focus was put on Gender Mainstreaming in Education. The second edition was held also in Salatiga on December 4 – 6, 2007. Then the Seminar focused on Gender Mainstreaming in Education as a means to Poverty Reduction.
The format of the conference implied that papers on the matter were presented and subjected to peer review where after a winning presentation was awarded.
The specific topic raised in the winning presentation of the 2007 conference was then judged to be of the out most importance but the participants in the seminar also concluded that further and wider research is needed. Indeed, the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers is not particular to West Java or central Java but affects large parts of South East Asia as “exporting” countries, and large parts of the rest of Asia Europe, Australia and even the United States as “importing” countries. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers concerns not only poorly educated women from rural areas but affects also highly skilled and trained female academics, leaving South East Asia.
Some data are available and others have already done valuable research on aspects of the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. However, no study or handbook that covers the global issue in a multidisciplinary and purely scientific way is available yet. The 2008 Salatiga Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia, wants to remedy this lack of a global overview and thus to provide the scientific foundations for further action. This enterprise is so vast that those who have already contributed to the past two International Seminars on Gender held in Salatiga, cannot do it without help and input from others.
The steering committee kindly invites all interested scientist or institutions to contribute in the research and to participate at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference on the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
Who can participate?
Everybody who is able to do accurate scientific research is invited to study on the aspects he or she chooses within the topic of the Global Impact of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
The background of the participant is less important: academics, experts, civil servants, NGO’s, etc., all are invited to do the research for the 2008 Salatiga International Conference as long as the work they produce is scientific. In the understanding of the steering committee scientific research is the unbiased gathering of verifiable data and its proper analysis, preferably in a multidisciplinary context.
Once more it has to be stressed that, though also politicians are welcome, no political goals are declared. It might well be that the findings of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference stirs up the need for political action, but a priori its aim is to be purely scientific. Although everybody is entitled to his opinion and beliefs, scientific papers without bias or implied positions are expected.
What is wanted?
Anecdotal evidence and small scale studies on several aspects of the topic exist already. The aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference is not to repeat those or to be just one more in a growing row of fragmented studies.
The expressed aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference is to bundle in large scale, multidisciplinary, global studies, the scientific foundations for policy making on the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia.
As it is the stressed aim of the 2008 Salatiga International Conference to give a global, scientific, multidisciplinary overview, of the phenomenon of Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia. The topic has to be examined in interdisciplinary approaches and it is hoped for a large participation from each concerned country.
Therefore teamwork should be considered. In this respect the steering committee wants to play a facilitating role where researchers from different countries form teams for joint studies and presentations.
The steering committee thinks about the following aspects that could be
studied:
• The migrational flow: from which country to (mainly) which country? Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• The emigrational flow: quantitative analysis of women leaving SEA for good and their level of education?
• The financial flow: which amounts of money is sent by the female migrant workers to their home country? Via which means? At what cost? Tax? Exchange Rates? Which is the impact on the local economy of the home country? Direct or indirect impact on national economy?
• The cultural flow: is there a transposition of cultural attitudes or values from one country to another via the Women Migrant Workers from South East Asia? Has the phenomenon of women migrant workers been a source for the creation of art (poetry, paintings, sculptures, movies etc.)?
• Educational impact? Do female migrant workers get schooling which they would not have had otherwise? Does this increase the global level of education?
• Social economic impact
• Technology impact
• Family relationship impact
• Survival strategy impact
• Trafficking, Criminality, violence
• Religious impact,
• Bureaucratic requirements and procedures
• Health risks: what dispositions are taken? Difference between legal framework and practice? Position of the women migrant worker from South East Asia when she gets ill or has an accident?
• Legal framework in sending countries / receiving countries?
• Etc.
Modus operandi
(i.) Pre-selection
Candidates who want to present a paper at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference should send an abstract no longer than 500 words to the steering committee. The abstract should clearly describe the topic that will be investigated, the motivation for that choice and the methodology that is considered. Please print abstracts in letter quality type Times New Roman once spaced, on A4 paper. Use margins 2.5 cm on every side and 12-pitch
font.
Abstracts should be in English only!
If the abstract is the work of a team, one individual should be identified to which all communications can be send via e-mail for the whole team (local team coordinator)!
New due date: These abstracts should be sent via e-mail in MS-Word format (no later than May 18, 2008) until June 18, 2008 to the e-mail address pug_uksw@yahoo.com.
(ii.) Coordination
After receiving all the abstracts, the steering committee will inform the candidates of the identity of other candidates who are working on similar topics. It is hoped that this information will encourage the formation of international teams in which the research can be streamlined and globalised.
No later than (June 9, 2008) July 7, 2008 this information will be given to those who handed in abstracts. If international teams are formed, the steering committee should be informed of this no later (June 15, 2008) July 14, 2008.
(iii.) Acceptance of research.
No later than (June 9, 2008) July 7, 2008 the steering committee will inform which research will be accepted to be presented as a paper at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference. Those authors that will be accepted, be it on an individual basis or as a international team, are then required to give to the steering committee:
• the exact title of their paper
• the title page must show affiliations, complete mailing address, e-mail address, telephone, and facsimile numbers for all authors, specification who will present the paper and at the bottom of the page indicate the area of interest, In principle no changes in titles, authors or order of authorship can be accepted after this final submission and acceptance of the paper!
iv.) Presentation of the papers at the 2008 Salatiga International Conference.
All speakers have to deliver their presentation in a power point presentation.
After each presentation, a short round of questions and discussions can be held. Each presentation will be allowed to take between 10 to 20 minutes depending on the number of accepted papers for each session.
Depending on the number of papers that will be presented, the conference will be split into different groups.
In a final closing presentation, a summary of each presentation and the final conclusions will be given.
After the conference, the papers and the results of the conference will be bundled in a book.
What is offered?
The 2008 Salatiga International Conference offers those researchers that will be accepted for the presentation of their paper the opportunity to collaborate in an international environment. The accepted papers will be published in book form.
International networking and bases for future action are envisaged.
Further information
For further information please be attached to: www.uksw.edu/ppsg
2nd International Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Education: Poverty Reduction 2007
1. Introduction
After three decades of human resource development in Indonesia, gender equity as a
realization of human rights 1 is not yet realized (www.menegpp.go.id). Development outcomes by women are much less then by men. Investigations in the education sector show that gender inequity can be found in any education level, as early as play-groups up to higher education. Gender inequity is also an issue in field of Science and Technology as well as in the knowledge transfer from research centers and
academia to the civil society.
In the discussion about the UN Millennium Development Goals the knowledge transfer becomes a critical issue. The main question is how poverty can be eradicated if the society does not succeed in bringing know-how to the poor.
This international seminar will invite participants from all over the world to explore the possibilities women in academia have to contribute to poverty reduction. All activities from women in academia will be conforming to the frames given by the higher education degrees and the UN-Declarations (Beijing Declaration and Millennium Development Goals.
The importance of gender aspects in education is enforced by the UNO as reflected in The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action (1996): “…education is a part of human rights and is an important means to achieve the equality, development and
peace”. The action program of Beijing Declaration defines 12 urgent areas. One of them is education, which becomes the main barrier for women to actualize themselves in their society. In Human Development Report (HDR) 2004, Human Development Indicator (HDI) in Indonesia is 0.691 (HDR 2003) and ranked 111 from 177 countries, while Gender Development Index (GDI) in Indonesia is 0.677 and ranked 91.
The UNO, again, emphasized this by Millennium Development Goals. For these reasons, Gender Mainstreaming is required to be included in many institutions’ policies, including the higher education (UNDP, 2000). In Indonesia, the Presidential Instruction (Inpres No.9/2000) becomes the legal foundation for the gender
mainstreaming in education.
2. Objectives
The general objective of this seminar is, to explore ways and means to transfer knowledge from women in academia to women at the grassroots in order to provide practical approaches for poverty alleviation.
The specific objectives of this seminar are:
�� to build awareness and commitment to gender equality.
�� to identify gender issues and to formulate an action program of knowledge transfer from women in academia to women at the grassroots.
�� to initiate a network between women in academia and local NGO’s representing women at the grassroots.
3. Themes of the seminar
�� Knowledge transfer from women in academia to women at the grassroots.
�� Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in education curricula.
�� Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in the fields of Natural Science, Mathematics, Economics, Social and Culture.
�� Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the application of Technology.
4. Target groups
This seminar is open for Researchers, Lecturers, and activists from local NGOs as representatives of their organization or as individuals. Those who will present
papers may work in a team of maximum 2 people.
5. Beneficiaries
�� Researchers/Lecturers teaching/intending to teach subjects related to
gender issues.
�� Researchers/Lecturers interested in knowledge transfer from academia to
women at the grassroots.
�� Policy makers and decision makers in gender mainstreaming and its implementation in higher education.
�� Local NGOs representing women at the grassroots.
6. Outputs
�� Awareness about the importance to transfer knowledge from academia to
women at the grassroots.
�� Awareness of and commitment to gender equity in education.
�� Awareness that women can make a difference in improving the living standard while discussing poverty alleviation.
�� Strengthening the Network of researchers, lecturers and local NGOs.
�� Publication of papers, in cooperation with accredited journals.
7. Abstract, Paper, and Presentation
�� Abstract of Paper Presentations or Poster/ Film/Photo Presentation should
be written in English and not exceed 300 words.
�� The writer’s Curriculum Vitae (CV) should accompany the abstract.
�� Full paper is in English and can be sent as a soft copy using MS Word format.
�� Full paper should consist of Abstract with Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review or Theoretical Background, Methodology, Findings/Results and Analysis, Conclusion, References, and may include Acknowledgments.
�� Each team will have 50 minutes for presentation (20 minutes for presentation and 30 minutes for discussion).
�� The Seminar will be conducted both in English and Bahasa Indonesia.
8. Deadlines
�� Abstract submission: October 12, 2007.
�� Announcement of abstract selection: October 17, 2007.
�� Submission of complete paper: November 24, 2007.
�� Participant’s registration: November 30, 2007.
9. Registration
�� Those whose paper is accepted for presentation must register to attend the seminar.
�� Registration form can be sent by mail or fax or email to the address at the end of this leaflet.
�� Photocopy of transfer receipt should be attached.
�� Registration will be closed when the number of participants reaches 15 teams (approximately 30 participants).
Research Grant and Publication
�� A jury team composed of the Team Leaders and experts will select the papers that are presented that meet the criteria as follows: conceptual and methodological approach, effectiveness, depths, comprehensiveness, and relevance to the themes.
�� The papers that meet the criteria will be facilitated to get research grant from funding to continue their research.
�� All papers presented will be published in cooperation with accredited journals and as a compendium on internet with the presenters’ agreement.
Tentative Programs of the Seminar
December 4, 2007
Time Agenda
8:00 – 9:00 Participants’ Re-registration
9:00 – 9:30 Opening
9:30 – 9:45 Coffee Break
9:45 – 11:15 Seminar I: “Gender Mainstreaming in Education: Poverty Reduction”
- Minister of Women Empowerment (to be confirmed)
11:15 – 12:00 Institut Pluralisme Indonesia – William Kwan H.L.
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 15:30 Seminar II
Paper Presenters I
15:30 – 16:00 Coffee Break
16:00 – 18:30 Seminar III
Paper Presenters II
18:30 – 19:30 Dinner
19:30 – 21:00 Film
December 5, 2007
07:00 – 07:45 Breakfast
07:45 – 09:15 Seminar IV: “Women in Academia for Women at the Grassroots” - Prof. Margareth Gfrerer (ISEED)
09:15 – 09:30 Coffee Break
09:30 – 12:00 Seminar V
Paper Presenters III
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 14:30 Seminar VI: "Gender and Education - Experiences from Germany” - Dr. Christoph Behrens - CIM
14:30 – 16:00 Seminar VII
Paper Presenters IV
16:00 – 16:30 Coffee Break
16:30 – 18:00 Film/Poster/Photo Presentation
18:00 – 19:00 Dinner
19:00 – 21:00 Cultural Night
December 6, 2007
07:00 – 07:45 Breakfast
07:45 – 09:15 Seminar VIII
Paper Presenters VI
09:15 – 09:30 Coffee Break
09:30 – 11:00 Business Meeting
11:00 – 12:00 Wrap Up of the Seminar & Closing
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
11. Seminar Fees
�� Seminar fee for Indonesian participants is IDR 500,000.
�� Seminar fee for participants from outside Indonesia is US$100.
�� Seminar fee covers seminar kits, food, and accommodation.
�� Seminar fee for SWCU participants is IDR 250,000, which covers seminar kits and food (no accommodation).
12. Venue
Wahid Quality Hotel
Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 2
Salatiga 50711, Central Java, Indonesia.
13. Contact
E-mail to pug_uksw@yahoo.com
or via post mail to
Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Jalan Diponegoro No. 52-60
Salatiga 50711 Jawa Tengah,
Indonesia
or fax # 0298 321433.
Other means of contact:
Telephone: 0298 7101020;
Mobile: 0813 2667 6835/Purwanti Asih Anna Levi
08122881005/Purwanti Kusumanigtyas
Bank account:
Bank Jateng Cabang Salatiga
No. account: 2-033-09698-5
Steering Committee:
Prof. Margareth Gfrerer
Dr. Luc Comans
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si.
Executive Committee:
Purwanti Kusumaningtyas, M.Hum.
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S.
Tundjung Mahatma, S.Pd., Dip.Comp., M.Kom.
Volunteers
1st International Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education 2006
1. Introduction
After three decades of human resource development in Indonesia, gender equity as a realization of human rights is not yet realized (www.menegpp.go.id). Development outcomes by women are much less then by men. Investigations in the education sector show that gender inequity can be found in any education level, as early as play-groups up to higher education. Gender inequities happen in areas such as a) participation and access, b) quality and relevancy, and c) management of education (Diknas, 2004). Gender inequity is also an issue in field of innovation and technology and results in the marginalization of women in this area (UNESCO, 2005; Forum SE-Asia – Gender & Energy Conference 2006). The importance of gender aspects in education is enforced by the UNO as reflected in The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action (1996): “…education is a part of human rights and is an important means to achieve the equality, development and peace”. The action program of Beijing Declaration defines 12 urgent areas. One of them is education, which becomes the main barrier for women to actualize themselves in their society.
The UNO, again, emphasized this by Millennium Development Goals. For these reasons, Gender Mainstreaming is required to be included in many institutions’ policies, including the higher education (UNDP, 2000). In Indonesia, the Presidential Directives (Inpres No.9/2000) becomes the legal foundation for the gender mainstreaming in education.
This international seminar invites researchers/lecturers from any discipline to set up and develop action programs of the gender mainstreaming in education in terms of the Three Services of the Higher Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi) i.e. teaching, researching and community servicing.
2. Organisation
The form of this Seminar refers a similar event: the Forum SE-Asia – Gender & Energy Conference 2006 on 3-7 April 2006 implemented by the International Society for Expertise, Education and Development (I-SEED) sponsored by Japanese – Funds-in-Trust to UNESCO.
This Nnternational Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education 2006 is organized by the Center for Gender Research and Studies in cooperation with the Center for Application of Science for Rural Technology – Satya Wacana Christian University, Department of Education and Culture in Central Java, and International Society for Education, Expertise, & Development (I-SEED), and the State Ministry of Women Empowerment.
3. Objectives
The overall objective of this seminar is, to raise awareness to gender sensitivity in higher education in terms of the three main duties of the Higher Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi).
The specific objective of this seminar is, to set up a national network of lecturers /researchers/university staffs and to increase capacity building activities in the field of gender mainstreaming in higher education.
4. Themes of the seminar
a. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in higher education curricula.
b. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in management of universities.
c. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the innovations in the fields of Natural Science, Mathematics, Economics, Social and Culture.
d. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the application of Technology
e. Other gender issues relevant to the theme.
5. Target groups
The Committee invites Researcher and Lecturer Teams to present papers to the seminar themes mentioned above. Each team is composed of 3 researchers/lecturers.
6. Beneficiaries
a. Researchers/Lecturers teaching/intending to teach subjects related to gender issues.
b. Researchers/Lecturers interested in gender issues.
c. Policy makers and decision makers in gender mainstreaming and its implementation in higher education.
7. Out-puts
a. Awareness of and commitment to gender equity in higher education.
b. Network of researchers, lecturers and university staff operating in the field of gender mainstreaming in higher education
c. A Forum of Gender Mainstreaming in Education, which will accommodate gender issues on conceptual, methodological levels.
d. Publication of papers, in cooperation with accredited journals.
8. Procedures
a. Before the Seminar
Invitation to research teams will be sent starting 6th of November, 2006 via e-mail.
Abstracts are to be submitted not later than 20th of November 2006,
via e-mail to ppsg_uksw@yahoo.com
or via fax to
Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Jalan Diponegoro 52-60
Salatiga 50711
or fax # 0298 321433. Other means of contact: Telephone: 0298 7101020; mobile: 0813 2667 6835 / Asih.
Enrollment of participants (non-presenters) by e-mail or fax to the address given above until 6th of December, 2006; 16:00 p.m.
Selection of Abstracts: 20th – 22nd of November 2006.
Results of abstract selection (sent via e-mail): 23rd - 24th of November 2006.
Deadline of full paper submission is 5th of December, 2006.
b. During the Seminar
Lectures to the topic
“The Implementations of Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education” by the Deputy I to The Minister of Women Empowerment and I-SEED.
Paper presentations with discussions
Modus: Each team has 50 minutes available: 20 minutes to present the paper and 30 minutes for discussion session.
9. Evaluation of the presentation
A jury team composed of the Team Leaders and experts will evaluate the paper presentations following the criteria: conceptional and methodological approach, effectiveness, depths, and comprehensiveness.
10. Awards
The best team will be awarded
Publication of papers in cooperation with accredited journals and as a compendium on internet
11. Seminar Fee
The Hosting Institution will provide for the Presenting teams seminar kit, meals and accommodation (no seminar fee will be charged).
Participants who are not presenting papers are charged with a seminar fee of IDR 75.000 for seminar kit and meals. Accommodation can be organized (IDR 50.000 per night per person).
12. Application Requirements
Submission of the abstract together with the curriculum vitae (CV), research experience and publications of each team member (not more than one-page per team-member) and a coversheet, which includes the title of the paper, the names and e-mail of each team member; name, address, phone and fax of the institution/ organization.
Abstract and full paper in English
Conference Languages are English (main) and Bahasa Indonesia
Formats: typed in MS Word. Paper size: A4 (210 x 297 mm), single-spaced, Font: Times New Roman 11 pts. Margin: left 3.5 cm, right 2 cm, top 3 cm, bottom 2 cm. Spacing between columns (if any): 1 cm. Foreign terms are typed Italic. Number of pages: 10 to 15, including pictures, graphics and tables.
Structure: Title, Author, Abstract with Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review or Theoretical Background, Methodology, Findings/Results and Analysis, Conclusion, References, and may include Acknowledgments.
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