Kajian Perempuan dalam Aktifitas Ekonomi Berbasis "Putting-Out System" (POS)

Krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan memberikan implikasi yang kompleks bagi keluarga khususnya perempuan. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, sektor informal menjadi “peluang” bagi perempuan untuk bisa memperoleh pendapatan. Industri Mikro-kecil-Menengah berbasis pada “Putting-Out” System (IMKM berbasis POS) menjadi salah satu peluang kerja bagi banyak perempuan sejak lama.

Namun demikian keberadaan mereka masih “tersembunyi”. Mereka belum diakui sehingga belum dicatat sebagai pekerja sebagaimana pekerja lainnya, belum banyak diungkap keberadannya, serta belum tersentuh program permberdayaan dan perlindungan sebagai pekerja. Untuk menyingkap “ketersembunyian” ini maka Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender – LPPM Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Negara Pemberdayaan Perempuan melakukan kajian dengan judul “Perempuan dalam Aktifitas Ekonomi Berbasis “Putting-Out” System (POS) yang difokuskan pada Kasus Pekerja Rumahan dalam Industri Mikro-Kecil-Menengah di Jawa Tengah. Terlaksananya penelitian ini juga atas dukungan beberapa Pusat Studi Wanita/Gender, yaitu: PSG Universitas Pekalongan, PSW Universitas Muria Kudus, dan PSG STAIN Pekalongan.

Mengacu pada situasi problematik ini, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini, antara lain:
a) memperoleh gambaran posisi dan peran industri mikro-kecil-menengah berbasis “putting-put” system dan home-based workers dalam aktifitas ekonomi masyarakat;
b) memperoleh gambaran kondisi Pekerja Rumahan (PeR) dan interaksi di dalamnya yang menjelaskan hubungan antara PeR, PeR dan anggota keluarganya, dan PeR dan pengusaha dalam IMKM berbasis POS; dan
c) memperoleh gambaran faktor-faktor penghambat yang dialami home-based workers dalam mendapatkan akses dan kontrol dalam program pemberdayaan dan perlindungan untuk mendukung eksistensinya.

Melalui kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat konkrit (praktis) bagi industri/pengrajin dan Pekerja Rumahan, lembaga pendamping industri dan home-woekrs, serta pemerintah yang relevan dengan subyek penelitian ini. Selain itu, diharapkan dapat menambah khasanah ilmu pengetahuan dengan adanya berbagai temuan, metode, model dan teori yang terus dicari dan dikembangkan untuk mendukung perkembangan industri, khususnya industri berbasis “putting-out” system.

Hasil penelitian (awal) menunjukkan bahwa IMKM berbasis POS dan Pekerja Rumahan berperan strategis dalam perekonomian. IMKM berbasis POS mampu eksis karena berbasis pada Pekerja Rumahan atau memindahkan sebagian proses produksi pada Pekerja Rumahan. Namun demikian peran mereka (Pekerja Rumahan) mendukung IMKM berbasis POS justru dalam posisi dimarginalkan (dimiskinkan). Proses pemiskinan Pekerja Rumahan (khususnya perempuan) berakar pada “ideologi” gender.

Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkan kajian lebih jauh untuk bisa mendorong pengakuan terhadap Pekerja Rumahan serta perlindungan bagi mereka yang faktanya belum terakomodasi dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan.

Sasaran:
Pekerja rumahan perempuan di IMKM berbasis POS

Lokasi kegiatan:
IMKM berbasis POS di Kudus, Salatiga, Sragen, Klaten, Batang, dan Pekalongan

Waktu: 2008

Tim peneliti:
Arianti Ina R. Hunga
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi
Tundjung Mahatma

Kerjasama dengan: Pusat Studi Gender Universitas Pekalongan, Pusat Studi Gender Universitas Muria Kudus, Pusat Studi Gender STAIN Pekalongan

2nd International Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Education: Poverty Reduction 2007

1. Introduction
After three decades of human resource development in Indonesia, gender equity as a
realization of human rights 1 is not yet realized (www.menegpp.go.id). Development outcomes by women are much less then by men. Investigations in the education sector show that gender inequity can be found in any education level, as early as play-groups up to higher education. Gender inequity is also an issue in field of Science and Technology as well as in the knowledge transfer from research centers and
academia to the civil society.

In the discussion about the UN Millennium Development Goals the knowledge transfer becomes a critical issue. The main question is how poverty can be eradicated if the society does not succeed in bringing know-how to the poor.

This international seminar will invite participants from all over the world to explore the possibilities women in academia have to contribute to poverty reduction. All activities from women in academia will be conforming to the frames given by the higher education degrees and the UN-Declarations (Beijing Declaration and Millennium Development Goals.

The importance of gender aspects in education is enforced by the UNO as reflected in The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action (1996): “…education is a part of human rights and is an important means to achieve the equality, development and
peace”. The action program of Beijing Declaration defines 12 urgent areas. One of them is education, which becomes the main barrier for women to actualize themselves in their society. In Human Development Report (HDR) 2004, Human Development Indicator (HDI) in Indonesia is 0.691 (HDR 2003) and ranked 111 from 177 countries, while Gender Development Index (GDI) in Indonesia is 0.677 and ranked 91.

The UNO, again, emphasized this by Millennium Development Goals. For these reasons, Gender Mainstreaming is required to be included in many institutions’ policies, including the higher education (UNDP, 2000). In Indonesia, the Presidential Instruction (Inpres No.9/2000) becomes the legal foundation for the gender
mainstreaming in education.

2. Objectives
The general objective of this seminar is, to explore ways and means to transfer knowledge from women in academia to women at the grassroots in order to provide practical approaches for poverty alleviation.

The specific objectives of this seminar are:
�� to build awareness and commitment to gender equality.
�� to identify gender issues and to formulate an action program of knowledge transfer from women in academia to women at the grassroots.
�� to initiate a network between women in academia and local NGO’s representing women at the grassroots.

3. Themes of the seminar
�� Knowledge transfer from women in academia to women at the grassroots.
�� Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in education curricula.
�� Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in the fields of Natural Science, Mathematics, Economics, Social and Culture.
�� Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the application of Technology.

4. Target groups
This seminar is open for Researchers, Lecturers, and activists from local NGOs as representatives of their organization or as individuals. Those who will present
papers may work in a team of maximum 2 people.

5. Beneficiaries
�� Researchers/Lecturers teaching/intending to teach subjects related to
gender issues.
�� Researchers/Lecturers interested in knowledge transfer from academia to
women at the grassroots.
�� Policy makers and decision makers in gender mainstreaming and its implementation in higher education.
�� Local NGOs representing women at the grassroots.

6. Outputs
�� Awareness about the importance to transfer knowledge from academia to
women at the grassroots.
�� Awareness of and commitment to gender equity in education.
�� Awareness that women can make a difference in improving the living standard while discussing poverty alleviation.
�� Strengthening the Network of researchers, lecturers and local NGOs.
�� Publication of papers, in cooperation with accredited journals.

7. Abstract, Paper, and Presentation
�� Abstract of Paper Presentations or Poster/ Film/Photo Presentation should
be written in English and not exceed 300 words.
�� The writer’s Curriculum Vitae (CV) should accompany the abstract.
�� Full paper is in English and can be sent as a soft copy using MS Word format.
�� Full paper should consist of Abstract with Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review or Theoretical Background, Methodology, Findings/Results and Analysis, Conclusion, References, and may include Acknowledgments.
�� Each team will have 50 minutes for presentation (20 minutes for presentation and 30 minutes for discussion).
�� The Seminar will be conducted both in English and Bahasa Indonesia.

8. Deadlines
�� Abstract submission: October 12, 2007.
�� Announcement of abstract selection: October 17, 2007.
�� Submission of complete paper: November 24, 2007.
�� Participant’s registration: November 30, 2007.

9. Registration
�� Those whose paper is accepted for presentation must register to attend the seminar.
�� Registration form can be sent by mail or fax or email to the address at the end of this leaflet.
�� Photocopy of transfer receipt should be attached.
�� Registration will be closed when the number of participants reaches 15 teams (approximately 30 participants).

Research Grant and Publication
�� A jury team composed of the Team Leaders and experts will select the papers that are presented that meet the criteria as follows: conceptual and methodological approach, effectiveness, depths, comprehensiveness, and relevance to the themes.
�� The papers that meet the criteria will be facilitated to get research grant from funding to continue their research.
�� All papers presented will be published in cooperation with accredited journals and as a compendium on internet with the presenters’ agreement.

Tentative Programs of the Seminar
December 4, 2007
Time Agenda
8:00 – 9:00 Participants’ Re-registration
9:00 – 9:30 Opening
9:30 – 9:45 Coffee Break
9:45 – 11:15 Seminar I: “Gender Mainstreaming in Education: Poverty Reduction”
- Minister of Women Empowerment (to be confirmed)
11:15 – 12:00 Institut Pluralisme Indonesia – William Kwan H.L.
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 15:30 Seminar II
Paper Presenters I
15:30 – 16:00 Coffee Break
16:00 – 18:30 Seminar III
Paper Presenters II
18:30 – 19:30 Dinner
19:30 – 21:00 Film

December 5, 2007
07:00 – 07:45 Breakfast
07:45 – 09:15 Seminar IV: “Women in Academia for Women at the Grassroots” - Prof. Margareth Gfrerer (ISEED)
09:15 – 09:30 Coffee Break
09:30 – 12:00 Seminar V
Paper Presenters III
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 14:30 Seminar VI: "Gender and Education - Experiences from Germany” - Dr. Christoph Behrens - CIM
14:30 – 16:00 Seminar VII
Paper Presenters IV
16:00 – 16:30 Coffee Break
16:30 – 18:00 Film/Poster/Photo Presentation
18:00 – 19:00 Dinner
19:00 – 21:00 Cultural Night

December 6, 2007
07:00 – 07:45 Breakfast
07:45 – 09:15 Seminar VIII
Paper Presenters VI
09:15 – 09:30 Coffee Break
09:30 – 11:00 Business Meeting
11:00 – 12:00 Wrap Up of the Seminar & Closing
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch

11. Seminar Fees
�� Seminar fee for Indonesian participants is IDR 500,000.
�� Seminar fee for participants from outside Indonesia is US$100.
�� Seminar fee covers seminar kits, food, and accommodation.
�� Seminar fee for SWCU participants is IDR 250,000, which covers seminar kits and food (no accommodation).

12. Venue
Wahid Quality Hotel
Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 2
Salatiga 50711, Central Java, Indonesia.

13. Contact
E-mail to pug_uksw@yahoo.com
or via post mail to
Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Jalan Diponegoro No. 52-60
Salatiga 50711 Jawa Tengah,
Indonesia
or fax # 0298 321433.
Other means of contact:
Telephone: 0298 7101020;
Mobile: 0813 2667 6835/Purwanti Asih Anna Levi
08122881005/Purwanti Kusumanigtyas
Bank account:
Bank Jateng Cabang Salatiga
No. account: 2-033-09698-5

Steering Committee:
Prof. Margareth Gfrerer
Dr. Luc Comans
Ir. Arianti Ina R. Hunga, M.Si.

Executive Committee:
Purwanti Kusumaningtyas, M.Hum.
Purwanti Asih Anna Levi, S.S.
Tundjung Mahatma, S.Pd., Dip.Comp., M.Kom.
Volunteers

1st International Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education 2006

1. Introduction
After three decades of human resource development in Indonesia, gender equity as a realization of human rights is not yet realized (www.menegpp.go.id). Development outcomes by women are much less then by men. Investigations in the education sector show that gender inequity can be found in any education level, as early as play-groups up to higher education. Gender inequities happen in areas such as a) participation and access, b) quality and relevancy, and c) management of education (Diknas, 2004). Gender inequity is also an issue in field of innovation and technology and results in the marginalization of women in this area (UNESCO, 2005; Forum SE-Asia – Gender & Energy Conference 2006). The importance of gender aspects in education is enforced by the UNO as reflected in The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action (1996): “…education is a part of human rights and is an important means to achieve the equality, development and peace”. The action program of Beijing Declaration defines 12 urgent areas. One of them is education, which becomes the main barrier for women to actualize themselves in their society.

The UNO, again, emphasized this by Millennium Development Goals. For these reasons, Gender Mainstreaming is required to be included in many institutions’ policies, including the higher education (UNDP, 2000). In Indonesia, the Presidential Directives (Inpres No.9/2000) becomes the legal foundation for the gender mainstreaming in education.

This international seminar invites researchers/lecturers from any discipline to set up and develop action programs of the gender mainstreaming in education in terms of the Three Services of the Higher Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi) i.e. teaching, researching and community servicing.

2. Organisation
The form of this Seminar refers a similar event: the Forum SE-Asia – Gender & Energy Conference 2006 on 3-7 April 2006 implemented by the International Society for Expertise, Education and Development (I-SEED) sponsored by Japanese – Funds-in-Trust to UNESCO.

This Nnternational Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education 2006 is organized by the Center for Gender Research and Studies in cooperation with the Center for Application of Science for Rural Technology – Satya Wacana Christian University, Department of Education and Culture in Central Java, and International Society for Education, Expertise, & Development (I-SEED), and the State Ministry of Women Empowerment.

3. Objectives
The overall objective of this seminar is, to raise awareness to gender sensitivity in higher education in terms of the three main duties of the Higher Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi).

The specific objective of this seminar is, to set up a national network of lecturers /researchers/university staffs and to increase capacity building activities in the field of gender mainstreaming in higher education.

4. Themes of the seminar
a. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in higher education curricula.
b. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in management of universities.
c. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the innovations in the fields of Natural Science, Mathematics, Economics, Social and Culture.
d. Implementation of gender mainstreaming in the application of Technology
e. Other gender issues relevant to the theme.

5. Target groups
The Committee invites Researcher and Lecturer Teams to present papers to the seminar themes mentioned above. Each team is composed of 3 researchers/lecturers.

6. Beneficiaries
a. Researchers/Lecturers teaching/intending to teach subjects related to gender issues.
b. Researchers/Lecturers interested in gender issues.
c. Policy makers and decision makers in gender mainstreaming and its implementation in higher education.

7. Out-puts
a. Awareness of and commitment to gender equity in higher education.
b. Network of researchers, lecturers and university staff operating in the field of gender mainstreaming in higher education
c. A Forum of Gender Mainstreaming in Education, which will accommodate gender issues on conceptual, methodological levels.
d. Publication of papers, in cooperation with accredited journals.

8. Procedures
a. Before the Seminar
 Invitation to research teams will be sent starting 6th of November, 2006 via e-mail.
 Abstracts are to be submitted not later than 20th of November 2006,
via e-mail to ppsg_uksw@yahoo.com
or via fax to
Pusat Penelitian dan Studi Gender
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Jalan Diponegoro 52-60
Salatiga 50711
or fax # 0298 321433. Other means of contact: Telephone: 0298 7101020; mobile: 0813 2667 6835 / Asih.
 Enrollment of participants (non-presenters) by e-mail or fax to the address given above until 6th of December, 2006; 16:00 p.m.
 Selection of Abstracts: 20th – 22nd of November 2006.
 Results of abstract selection (sent via e-mail): 23rd - 24th of November 2006.
 Deadline of full paper submission is 5th of December, 2006.

b. During the Seminar
 Lectures to the topic
“The Implementations of Gender Mainstreaming in Higher Education” by the Deputy I to The Minister of Women Empowerment and I-SEED.
 Paper presentations with discussions
Modus: Each team has 50 minutes available: 20 minutes to present the paper and 30 minutes for discussion session.

9. Evaluation of the presentation
A jury team composed of the Team Leaders and experts will evaluate the paper presentations following the criteria: conceptional and methodological approach, effectiveness, depths, and comprehensiveness.

10. Awards
 The best team will be awarded
 Publication of papers in cooperation with accredited journals and as a compendium on internet

11. Seminar Fee
 The Hosting Institution will provide for the Presenting teams seminar kit, meals and accommodation (no seminar fee will be charged).
 Participants who are not presenting papers are charged with a seminar fee of IDR 75.000 for seminar kit and meals. Accommodation can be organized (IDR 50.000 per night per person).

12. Application Requirements
 Submission of the abstract together with the curriculum vitae (CV), research experience and publications of each team member (not more than one-page per team-member) and a coversheet, which includes the title of the paper, the names and e-mail of each team member; name, address, phone and fax of the institution/ organization.
 Abstract and full paper in English
 Conference Languages are English (main) and Bahasa Indonesia
 Formats: typed in MS Word. Paper size: A4 (210 x 297 mm), single-spaced, Font: Times New Roman 11 pts. Margin: left 3.5 cm, right 2 cm, top 3 cm, bottom 2 cm. Spacing between columns (if any): 1 cm. Foreign terms are typed Italic. Number of pages: 10 to 15, including pictures, graphics and tables.
 Structure: Title, Author, Abstract with Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review or Theoretical Background, Methodology, Findings/Results and Analysis, Conclusion, References, and may include Acknowledgments.